Process of making iron alloys.



amass naivrsnr SPEER, or raarrn, MARYLAND.

PROCESS OF MAKING IRON ALLQYS.

Specification of Letter's Patent.

Application filed May 3, 1915. Serial No. 25,458.

N o Drawing.

To all whom; it may concern Be it known that 1, JAMES RAMsEr SPEER, a citizen of the United States, residmg at Trappe, in the county of Talbot and Stateof Maryland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Processes of- Making Iron Alloys, of which the following is a speclficas t-ion. a

nickelproduct that has the density andhardness equal to or greater than the various iron mixtures cast in or against a chill, and also of the mold from which the casting is made.

My. invention renders the use of a chill or an chills unnecessary, because of the fact that the mixture of materials which I employ, produces such a hard resistance body throughout that any. artificial or mechanical method of hardening the surface of the body an of the casting is not essential.

Departing from the well known linesof manufacture in regard to chillingvmixtures, I do not use any so-called chilling cast iron which is usually considered as having a high to sulfur content. The charge from which I prefer to make my material consists approximately of equalparts of charcoal iron and; low carbon steel scrap, with-the additionof nickel and chromium in such proportion as &0 to give the degree of hardness required from the use of the chromium, and the degree of toughness required from the use of the nickel. It is, of course, possible that a cer tain percentage of the nickel and chromiuml' be introduced in. the manufacture may through either the iron or the scrap. This, however, is immaterial. From my experience the chromium should run from .50 to i and the nickel from. .25 to 1% in the to finished product. I

My inventionrelates to an iron chromium.

Patented Jan. 11a, tare.

In the mixture indicated above, I claim to have incombination, a relation of carbon to nickel and chromium which has not heretofore been employed. By the use of charcoal iron and low carbon steel scrap, the density of the resultant casting is very great.- This .density, in connection with the use of chromium and nickel, the effects of which are set forlth in my patents, is indicative of a mate- ,rla

having great hardness and toughness. The. scleroscope test of mymaterial produced as described herein, will run from 1 to 80' points of hardness above the degree of hardness in the highest class of so-called A micro -.phot o- 5 ,graphof the structure" of my material shows chilled cast iron (metals.

a maximum area of combined carbon, and' carbids contributing to great density andhardness. I a

' I have also found that by annealing and heat treating my product, which eliminates the unnecessary -internal strains, I get a maximum strength for an articleof this class; tests showing close to 40,000 pounds 'per square inch tensile strength. This tensile strength, being greatly in excess of anything that is or has been produced in a chilled iron mixture, is of the greatest importance, especially in roll castings. The I increased hardness as indicated by the scleroscope and tests of the material in service, show a degreeof efiicienoy in and resistance to wear which hasnot heretofore been considered possible to obtain.

Iclaim-- 7 1 .Th e method of making an alloy highly responsive to heat treatment which consists in fusing toget er charcoal iron and low car-- bon s'tee1,;sufii ient chromium to impart to the product the", required hardness and nickel in a smaller quantity than the chromium and sufiicient to impart to the alloy the-required toughness, and then casting it into the desired. article. V 2. The method of making 'an'ralloy hi hl responsive' 'to heattreatment which consists j in fusin together approximately equal parts of carcoal iron and low carbon steel,

quantity than the chromium and sufficient to mium from .50% to 2.00%, and nickel from impart tothe alloy the required toughness, 25% to 1.00%, and then casting it into the and then casting'it into the desired article. desired article.

3. The method of making an alloy highly Signed at New York, this 26th day of 5 responsive to heat treatment which consists April, 1915.

infusing together approximately equal parts of charcoal iron and low carbon steel, chr0- JAMES RAMSEY SPEER, 

